From the input to the output, a sensor may have several conversion steps before it produces an electrical signal. For instance, pressure inflicted on the fiber-optic sensor first results in strain in the fiber, which, in turn, causes deflection in its refractive index, which, in turn, results in an overall change in optical transmission and modulation of photon density. Finally, photon flux is detected and converted into electric current. In this chapter, we discuss the overall sensor characteristics, regardless of its physical nature or steps required to make a conversion. We regard a sensor as a “black box” where we are concerned only with relationships between its output signal and input stimulus.
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